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Compare United Arab Emirates (2002) - Mauritius (2005)

Compare United Arab Emirates (2002) z Mauritius (2005)

 United Arab Emirates (2002)Mauritius (2005)
 United Arab EmiratesMauritius
Administrative divisions 7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn 9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne
Age structure 0-14 years: 27.7% (male 345,077; female 331,545)


15-64 years: 69.7% (male 1,069,443; female 635,275)


65 years and over: 2.6% (male 45,989; female 18,660) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 24.4% (male 151,043/female 148,847)


15-64 years: 69.1% (male 424,472/female 425,974)


65 years and over: 6.5% (male 31,506/female 48,760) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish
Airports 38 (2001) 6 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 19 22


over 3,047 m: 8 8


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2 3


under 914 m: 4 4 (2002)
total: 2


over 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 19 19


over 3,047 m: 1 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 3


914 to 1,523 m: 9 9


under 914 m: 5 5 (2002)
total: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area total: 82,880 sq km


land: 82,880 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 2,040 sq km


land: 2,030 sq km


water: 10 sq km


note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Maine almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19th century treaties. In 1971, six of these states - Abu Zaby, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn - merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). They were joined in 1972 by Ra's al Khaymah. The UAE's per capita GDP is not far below those of leading West European nations. Its generosity with oil revenues and its moderate foreign policy stance have allowed the UAE to play a vital role in the affairs of the region. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, Mauritius was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and British before independence was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather and declining sugar prices have slowed economic growth, leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community.
Birth rate 18.3 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 15.62 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues: $20 billion


expenditures: $22 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $1.231 billion


expenditures: $1.582 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Capital Abu Dhabi Port Louis
Climate desert; cooler in eastern mountains tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)
Coastline 1,318 km 177 km
Constitution 2 December 1971 (made permanent in 1996) 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Country name conventional long form: United Arab Emirates


conventional short form: none


local long form: Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah


local short form: none


former: Trucial Oman, Trucial States


abbreviation: UAE
conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius


conventional short form: Mauritius
Currency Emirati dirham (AED) -
Death rate 3.9 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 6.83 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $12.6 billion (2001 est.) $1.78 billion (2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Marcelle M. WAHBA


embassy: Al-Sudan Street, Abu Dhabi


mailing address: P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi


telephone: [971] (2) 4436691


FAX: [971] (2) 4435441


consulate(s) general: Dubai
chief of mission: Ambassador John PRICE


embassy: 4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis


mailing address: international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450


telephone: [230] 202-4400


FAX: [230] 208-9534
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Asri Said Ahmad al-DHAHIRI


chancery: 3522 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20037


telephone: [1] (202) 243-2400


FAX: [1] (202) 243-2432
chief of mission: Ambassador Usha JEETAH


chancery: 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 244-1491, 1492


FAX: [1] (202) 966-0983
Disputes - international Oman signed boundary treaty with the UAE in 1999, and the UAE-Oman boundary line was formally recognized in June 2000;; because details of 1974 and 1977 treaties have not been made public, the exact location of the Saudi Arabia-UAE boundary is unknown and status is considered de facto; UAE seeks United Arab League and other international support against Iran's occupation of Greater Tunb Island (called Tunb al Kubra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg in Persian by Iran) and Lesser Tunb Island (called Tunb as Sughra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek in Persian by Iran) and attempts to occupy completely a jointly administered island in the Persian Gulf (called Abu Musa in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Abu Musa in Persian by Iran) Mauritius claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory), and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, were granted UK citizenship but no right to patriation in the UK; claims French-administered Tromelin Island
Economic aid - donor $NA -
Economic aid - recipient - $42 million (1997)
Economy - overview The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Its wealth is based on oil and gas output (about 33% of GDP), and the fortunes of the economy fluctuate with the prices of those commodities. Since 1973, the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. At present levels of production, oil and gas reserves should last for more than 100 years. The government has increased spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up its utilities to greater private sector involvement. Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been in the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on expanding local financial institutions and building a domestic information telecommunications industry. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India and South Africa, and investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector, has been well poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA).
Electricity - consumption 35.991 billion kWh (2000) 1.707 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 38.7 billion kWh (2000) 1.836 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m


highest point: Jabal Yibir 1,527 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Piton 828 m
Environment - current issues lack of natural freshwater resources compensated by desalination plants; desertification; beach pollution from oil spills water pollution, degradation of coral reefs
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Emirati 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982)


note: less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)
Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%
Exchange rates Emirati dirhams per US dollar - central bank mid-point rate: 3.6725 (since 1997), 3.6710 (1995-96) Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 27.499 (2004), 27.902 (2003), 29.962 (2002), 29.129 (2001), 26.25 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state: President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan (since 2 December 1971), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 6 August 1966) and Vice President MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy (Dubai)


head of government: Prime Minister MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy (Dubai); Deputy Prime Minister SULTAN bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


note: there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) composed of the seven emirate rulers; the FSC is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets four times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power


elections: president and vice president elected by the FSC (a group of seven electors) for five-year terms; election last held 2 December 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president


election results: ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan reelected president; percent of FSC vote - NA%, but believed to be unanimous; MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum elected vice president; percent of FSC vote - NA%, but believed to be unanimous
chief of state: President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 7 October 2003) and Vice President Abdool Raouf BUNDHUN (since 25 February 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Paul BERENGER (since 30 September 2003)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms; election last held 25 February 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly


election results: Karl OFFMANN elected president and Raouf BUNDHUN elected vice president; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA%; note - Karl OFFMANN stepped down on 30 September 2003
Exports $47.6 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.) NA
Exports - commodities crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses
Exports - partners Japan 30%, India 7%, Singapore 6%, South Korea 4%, Oman, Iran (1999) UK 33.1%, France 20.4%, US 14.8%, Madagascar 5.1%, Italy 4.1% (2004)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a wider vertical red band on the hoist side four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green
GDP purchasing power parity - $51 billion (2001 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 3%


industry: 46%


services: 51% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 7.6%


industry: 30%


services: 62.4% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $21,100 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $12,800 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.6% (2001 est.) 4.7% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 24 00 N, 54 00 E 20 17 S, 57 33 E
Geography - note strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs
Heliports 2 (2002) -
Highways total: 4,835 km


paved: 4,835 km


unpaved: 0 km (1998 est.)
total: 2,000 km


paved: 1,960 km (including 60 km of expressways)


unpaved: 40 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs The UAE is a drug transshipment point for traffickers given its proximity to southwest Asian drug producing countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering legislation was signed into law by the president on 25 January 2002 minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry
Imports $28.6 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.) NA
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Imports - partners Japan 9%, UK 8%, US 8%, Italy 6%, Germany, South Korea (1999) South Africa 11.3%, China 9.4%, India 9.3%, France 9.2%, Bahrain 5.3%, Japan 4.1% (2004)
Independence 2 December 1971 (from UK) 12 March 1968 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 4% (2000) 8% (2000 est.)
Industries petroleum, fishing, petrochemicals, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts, pearling food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing; chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery; tourism
Infant mortality rate 16.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) total: 15.03 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 17.74 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 12.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4.5% (2000 est.) 4.5% (2004 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 720 sq km (1998 est.) 200 sq km (2000 est.)
Judicial branch Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president) Supreme Court
Labor force 1.6 million


note: 73.9% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 2002 est.) (2000 est.)
560,000 (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation services 78%, industry 15%, agriculture 7% (2000 est.) agriculture and fishing 14%, construction and industry 36%, transportation and communication 7%, trade, restaurants, hotels 16%, finance 3%, other services 24% (1995)
Land boundaries total: 867 km


border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 0.48%


permanent crops: 0.49%


other: 99.03% (1998 est.)
arable land: 49.26%


permanent crops: 2.96%


other: 47.78% (2001)
Languages Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4% (official), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census)
Legal system federal court system introduced in 1971; all emirates except Dubayy (Dubai) and Ra's al Khaymah are not fully integrated into the federal system; all emirates have secular and Islamic law for civil, criminal, and high courts based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas
Legislative branch unicameral Federal National Council or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; members appointed by the rulers of the constituent states to serve two-year terms)


elections: none


note: reviews legislation, but cannot change or veto
unicameral National Assembly (66 seats; 62 elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the election commission from the losing political parties to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members serve five-year terms)


elections: last held on 11 September 2000 (next to be held September 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - MSM/MMM 52.3%, MLP/PMSD 36.9%, OPR 10.8%; seats by party - MSM/MMM 54, MLP/PMSD 6, OPR 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 74.52 years


male: 72.06 years


female: 77.1 years (2002 est.)
total population: 72.38 years


male: 68.4 years


female: 76.41 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 79.2%


male: 78.9%


female: 79.8% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 85.6%


male: 88.6%


female: 82.7% (2003 est.)
Location Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references Middle East Political Map of the World
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Merchant marine total: 56 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 833,401 GRT/1,251,015 DWT


ships by type: cargo 13, chemical tanker 3, container 7, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 25, roll on/roll off 6


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Greece 2, Italy 1, Kuwait 2 (2002 est.)
total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 22,946 GRT/27,102 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 4, passenger/cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 2


foreign-owned: 6 (India 4, Switzerland 2) (2005)
Military branches Army, Navy (including Marines and Coast Guard), Air Force, Air Defense, paramilitary forces (includes Federal Police Force) National Police Force (includes the paramilitary Special Mobile Force or SMF and National Coast Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.6 billion (FY00) $12.5 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3.1% (FY00) 0.2% (2004)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 773,938


note: includes non-nationals (2002 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 419,851 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 25,482 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 2 December (1971) Independence Day, 12 March (1968)
Nationality noun: Emirati(s)


adjective: Emirati
noun: Mauritian(s)


adjective: Mauritian
Natural hazards frequent sand and dust storms cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas arable land, fish
Net migration rate 1.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -0.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 830 km; natural gas, including natural gas liquids, 870 km -
Political parties and leaders none Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM; Mauritian Social Democrat Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH] - governing party; Rodrigues Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA various labor unions
Population 2,445,989


note: includes 1,576,472 non-nationals (July 2002 est.)
1,230,602 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 10% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 1.58% (2002 est.) 0.84% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Das Island, Khawr Fakkan, Mina' Jabal 'Ali, Mina' Khalid, Mina' Rashid, Mina' Saqr, Mina' Zayid, Umm al Qaywayn Port Louis
Radio broadcast stations AM 13, FM 7, shortwave 2 (1998) AM 4, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2002)
Radios 820,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Muslim 96% (Shi'a 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4% Hindu 48%, Roman Catholic 23.6%, other Christian 8.6%, Muslim 16.6%, other 2.5%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.4% (2000 census)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.68 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 2.46 male(s)/female


total population: 1.48 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female


total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage none 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: modern system of microwave radio relay and coaxial cable; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubai


domestic: microwave radio relay and coaxial cable


international: satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia
general assessment: small system with good service


domestic: primarily microwave radio relay trunk system


international: country code - 230; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Telephones - main lines in use 915,223 (1998) 348,200 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1 million (1999) 462,400 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 15 (1997) 2 (plus several repeaters) (1997)
Terrain flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau
Total fertility rate 3.16 children born/woman (2002 est.) 1.96 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 10.8% (2004 est.)
Waterways none -
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